Mammals
Mammals are warm-blooded vertebrates that have hair or fur and feed their young with milk. They range from bats weighing a few grams to the blue whale, the largest animal that has ever lived. Because they invest heavily in a small number of offspring, mammals tend to have long pregnancies and long lives for their size, and the numbers below show how closely lifespan, gestation and body weight track one another.
98 mammals, grouped by taxonomic order. Tap an animal for full facts.
Artiodactyla
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Buffalo Syncerus caffer |
15–20 years | 300–900 kg (660–1,980 lb) | 56 km/h (35 mph) | NT |
| Alpaca Vicugna pacos |
15–20 years | 48–84 kg (106–185 lb) | — | Domestic |
| American Bison Bison bison |
12–20 years | 360–900 kg (790–2,000 lb) | 56 km/h (35 mph) | NT |
| Bactrian Camel Camelus bactrianus |
up to 40–50 years | 300–1,000 kg (660–2,200 lb) | up to 65 km/h (40 mph) | Domestic |
| Beluga Whale Delphinapterus leucas |
35–50 years (possibly up to 70–80) | 700–1,600 kg (1,540–3,530 lb) | up to 22 km/h (14 mph) | LC |
| Blue Whale Balaenoptera musculus |
80–90 years | 100–150 tonnes (110–165 US tons) | over 32 km/h (20 mph) in bursts | EN |
| Blue Wildebeest Connochaetes taurinus |
15–20 years | 120–270 kg (265–595 lb) | 80 km/h (50 mph) | LC |
| Bottlenose Dolphin Tursiops truncatus |
40–60 years | 150–650 kg (330–1,430 lb) | 30–35 km/h (18–22 mph) | LC |
| Bowhead Whale Balaena mysticetus |
100–200+ years | 75–100 tonnes (83–110 US tons) | about 10 km/h (6 mph) | LC |
| Common Warthog Phacochoerus africanus |
7–15 years | 45–150 kg (100–330 lb) | 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
| Cow Bos taurus |
15–20 years | 400–1,100 kg (880–2,400 lb) | about 40 km/h (25 mph) | Domestic |
| Dromedary Camel Camelus dromedarius |
about 40 years | 300–600 kg (660–1,320 lb) | 40–65 km/h (25–40 mph) | Domestic |
| Elk Cervus canadensis |
10–13 years | 225–330 kg (500–730 lb) | 64–72 km/h (40–45 mph) | LC |
| Giraffe Giraffa camelopardalis |
20–25 years | 800–1,200 kg (1,760–2,650 lb) | 60 km/h (37 mph) | VU |
| Goat Capra hircus |
15–18 years | 20–140 kg (44–310 lb) | — | Domestic |
| Hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius |
35–50 years | 1,300–3,200 kg (2,870–7,050 lb) | 30 km/h (19 mph) | VU |
| Humpback Whale Megaptera novaeangliae |
50–90 years (estimates vary) | 25–40 tonnes (28–44 US tons) | up to 24–27 km/h (15–17 mph) | LC |
| Llama Lama glama |
15–25 years | 130–200 kg (290–440 lb) | — | Domestic |
| Moose Alces alces |
8–12 years | 200–700 kg (440–1,540 lb) | 56 km/h (35 mph) | LC |
| Narwhal Monodon monoceros |
30–50 years (possibly up to 90+) | 800–1,600 kg (1,760–3,530 lb) | — | LC |
| Okapi Okapia johnstoni |
20–30 years | 200–350 kg (440–770 lb) | — | EN |
| Orca Orcinus orca |
30–50 years (females up to 80–90) | 3,000–6,000 kg (6,600–13,200 lb) | up to 56 km/h (35 mph) | DD |
| Pig Sus domesticus |
15–20 years | 140–300 kg (310–660 lb) | about 17 km/h (11 mph) | Domestic |
| Pronghorn Antilocapra americana |
7–10 years | 35–65 kg (75–145 lb) | 88 km/h (55 mph) | LC |
| Red Deer Cervus elaphus |
10–13 years | 120–240 kg (265–530 lb) | — | LC |
| Reindeer Rangifer tarandus |
10–15 years | 80–180 kg (175–400 lb) | 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph) | VU |
| Sheep Ovis aries |
10–12 years | 45–160 kg (100–350 lb) | — | Domestic |
| Sperm Whale Physeter macrocephalus |
60–70 years | 14–45 tonnes (15–50 US tons) | about 35 km/h (22 mph) in bursts | VU |
| Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis |
7–10 years | 27–42 kg (60–93 lb) | 88 km/h (55 mph) | LC |
| Thomson's Gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii |
10–15 years | 15–35 kg (33–77 lb) | 80 km/h (50 mph) | LC |
| White-Tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus |
2–5 years | 40–135 kg (90–300 lb) | 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
| Wild Boar Sus scrofa |
10–14 years | 50–100 kg (110–220 lb) | 40 km/h (25 mph) | LC |
Carnivora
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Wild Dog Lycaon pictus |
up to 9–11 years | 18–36 kg (40–79 lb) | 66 km/h (41 mph) | EN |
| American Black Bear Ursus americanus |
15–20 years | 40–250 kg (90–550 lb) | 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
| Arctic Fox Vulpes lagopus |
3–6 years | 2.5–8 kg (5.5–17.5 lb) | — | LC |
| Bobcat Lynx rufus |
7–10 years | 4–18 kg (9–40 lb) | about 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
| California Sea Lion Zalophus californianus |
15–25 years | 100–350 kg (220–770 lb) | up to 40 km/h (25 mph) | LC |
| Cat Felis catus |
12–18 years | 3.5–5 kg (8–11 lb) | 48 km/h (30 mph) | Domestic |
| Cheetah Acinonyx jubatus |
10–12 years | 21–65 kg (46–143 lb) | 93–104 km/h (58–65 mph) | VU |
| Cougar Puma concolor |
8–13 years | 29–100 kg (64–220 lb) | 64–80 km/h (40–50 mph) | LC |
| Coyote Canis latrans |
6–8 years | 7–21 kg (15–46 lb) | 56–64 km/h (35–40 mph) | LC |
| Dog Canis familiaris |
10–13 years | 1.5–90 kg (3–200 lb) | 24–72 km/h (15–45 mph) | Domestic |
| Fennec Fox Vulpes zerda |
about 8–10 years | 0.8–1.9 kg (1.8–4.2 lb) | — | LC |
| Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca |
15–20 years | 70–125 kg (155–275 lb) | 32 km/h (20 mph) | VU |
| Gray Wolf Canis lupus |
6–8 years | 23–65 kg (50–145 lb) | 50–60 km/h (31–37 mph) | LC |
| Grizzly Bear Ursus arctos horribilis |
20–25 years | 130–360 kg (290–790 lb) | 56 km/h (35 mph) | LC |
| Harbor Seal Phoca vitulina |
25–30 years | 55–170 kg (120–375 lb) | about 19 km/h (12 mph) | LC |
| Honey Badger Mellivora capensis |
about 7–8 years | 5–16 kg (11–35 lb) | about 30 km/h (19 mph) | LC |
| Jaguar Panthera onca |
12–15 years | 56–96 kg (123–212 lb) | up to about 80 km/h (50 mph) | NT |
| Leopard Panthera pardus |
12–17 years | 20–72 kg (44–159 lb) | 58 km/h (36 mph) | VU |
| Lion Panthera leo |
10–14 years | 120–190 kg (265–420 lb) | 80 km/h (50 mph) | VU |
| Meerkat Suricata suricatta |
5–8 years | 620–970 g (1.4–2.1 lb) | about 32 km/h (20 mph) | LC |
| Polar Bear Ursus maritimus |
15–18 years | 150–700 kg (330–1,540 lb) | 40 km/h (25 mph) | VU |
| Raccoon Procyon lotor |
2–3 years | 4–9 kg (9–20 lb) | 24 km/h (15 mph) | LC |
| Red Fox Vulpes vulpes |
2–5 years | 3–11 kg (6.5–24 lb) | 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
| Red Panda Ailurus fulgens |
8–10 years | 3–6.2 kg (6.6–13.7 lb) | — | EN |
| Sea Otter Enhydra lutris |
10–20 years | 14–45 kg (31–99 lb) | up to 9 km/h (5.6 mph) | EN |
| Snow Leopard Panthera uncia |
10–13 years | 22–55 kg (49–121 lb) | — | VU |
| Spotted Hyena Crocuta crocuta |
12–20 years | 40–86 kg (88–190 lb) | 60 km/h (37 mph) | LC |
| Striped Skunk Mephitis mephitis |
2–3 years | 1.8–4.5 kg (4–10 lb) | 16 km/h (10 mph) | LC |
| Tiger Panthera tigris |
10–15 years | 75–260 kg (165–575 lb) | 49–65 km/h (30–40 mph) | EN |
| Walrus Odobenus rosmarus |
30–40 years | 400–1,700 kg (880–3,750 lb) | up to 35 km/h (22 mph) | VU |
| Wolverine Gulo gulo |
7–12 years | 8–18 kg (18–40 lb) | about 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
Chiroptera
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Vampire Bat Desmodus rotundus |
9–12 years | 25–40 g (0.9–1.4 oz) | about 4 km/h (2.5 mph) on the ground | LC |
Cingulata
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nine-Banded Armadillo Dasypus novemcinctus |
7–10 years | 2.5–6.5 kg (5.5–14 lb) | about 48 km/h (30 mph) | LC |
Dasyuromorphia
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tasmanian Devil Sarcophilus harrisii |
5–6 years | 4–12 kg (9–26 lb) | 13–25 km/h (8–15 mph) | EN |
Diprotodontia
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common Wombat Vombatus ursinus |
12–15 years | 20–35 kg (44–77 lb) | 40 km/h (25 mph) | LC |
| Koala Phascolarctos cinereus |
10–15 years | 4–15 kg (9–33 lb) | about 10 km/h (6 mph) | VU |
| Red Kangaroo Osphranter rufus |
8–12 years | 18–90 kg (40–200 lb) | 56–70 km/h (35–43 mph) | LC |
Eulipotyphla
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus |
2–5 years | 600–1,200 g (1.3–2.6 lb) | about 7 km/h (4 mph) | NT |
Lagomorpha
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| European Hare Lepus europaeus |
2–5 years | 3–5 kg (6.6–11 lb) | 70 km/h (43 mph) | LC |
| Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus |
8–12 years | 1–7 kg (2–15 lb) | 40–56 km/h (25–35 mph) | EN |
Monotremata
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Platypus Ornithorhynchus anatinus |
6–12 years | 0.7–2.4 kg (1.5–5.3 lb) | about 3.6 km/h (2.2 mph) | NT |
Perissodactyla
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black Rhinoceros Diceros bicornis |
30–40 years | 800–1,400 kg (1,760–3,090 lb) | 55 km/h (34 mph) | CR |
| Donkey Equus asinus |
25–30 years | 80–480 kg (180–1,060 lb) | — | Domestic |
| Horse Equus caballus |
25–30 years | 380–1,000 kg (840–2,200 lb) | 40–70 km/h (25–44 mph) | Domestic |
| Plains Zebra Equus quagga |
20–25 years | 175–385 kg (385–850 lb) | 65 km/h (40 mph) | NT |
| White Rhinoceros Ceratotherium simum |
35–40 years | 1,700–2,400 kg (3,750–5,290 lb) | 50 km/h (31 mph) | NT |
Pilosa
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown-Throated Sloth Bradypus variegatus |
an estimated 20–30 years | 2.25–6.3 kg (5–14 lb) | about 0.24 km/h (0.15 mph) | LC |
| Giant Anteater Myrmecophaga tridactyla |
about 14 years | 27–50 kg (60–110 lb) | about 50 km/h (31 mph) | VU |
Primates
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bonobo Pan paniscus |
30–40 years (estimated) | 30–60 kg (66–132 lb) | — | EN |
| Bornean Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus |
35–45 years | 30–100 kg (66–220 lb) | — | CR |
| Chimpanzee Pan troglodytes |
30–40 years | 27–70 kg (60–155 lb) | about 40 km/h (25 mph) | EN |
| Japanese Macaque Macaca fuscata |
22–27 years | 8–11 kg (18–24 lb) | — | LC |
| Mandrill Mandrillus sphinx |
about 20 years | 10–37 kg (22–82 lb) | — | VU |
| Ring-Tailed Lemur Lemur catta |
16–19 years | 2.2–3.5 kg (4.9–7.7 lb) | — | EN |
| Western Gorilla Gorilla gorilla |
35–40 years | 68–180 kg (150–400 lb) | 32–40 km/h (20–25 mph) | CR |
Proboscidea
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| African Elephant Loxodonta africana |
60–70 years | 2,700–6,000 kg (6,000–13,200 lb) | 25–40 km/h (15–25 mph) | EN |
| Asian Elephant Elephas maximus |
50–60 years | 2,000–5,000 kg (4,400–11,000 lb) | about 25 km/h (15 mph) | EN |
Rodentia
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown Rat Rattus norvegicus |
1–2 years | 200–500 g (7–18 oz) | about 13 km/h (8 mph) | LC |
| Capybara Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris |
6–10 years | 35–66 kg (77–146 lb) | 35 km/h (22 mph) | LC |
| Eastern Gray Squirrel Sciurus carolinensis |
2–6 years | 400–600 g (14–21 oz) | about 32 km/h (20 mph) | LC |
| Guinea Pig Cavia porcellus |
4–8 years | 700–1,200 g (1.5–2.6 lb) | — | Domestic |
| Hamster Mesocricetus auratus |
2–3 years | 100–150 g (3.5–5.3 oz) | — | EN |
| House Mouse Mus musculus |
12–18 months | 12–30 g (0.4–1.1 oz) | about 13 km/h (8 mph) | LC |
| Naked Mole-Rat Heterocephalus glaber |
a few years for workers, 17+ years for breeders | 30–80 g (1.1–2.8 oz) | — | LC |
| North American Beaver Castor canadensis |
10–12 years | 11–32 kg (24–70 lb) | 8 km/h (5 mph) | LC |
Sirenia
| Animal | Lifespan | Weight | Top speed | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| West Indian Manatee Trichechus manatus |
30–40 years | 400–600 kg (880–1,320 lb) | up to 24 km/h (15 mph) | VU |
Rankings
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